Richard Michaelis

Richard Michaelis was a German-born, long-resident American author whose Looking Further Forward (1890) was a direct rebuttal to Edward Bellamy’s hugely popular utopia Looking Backward, one of the many ‘answer’ novels that Bellamy’s socialist vision provoked, arguing the case against collectivism. A characteristic entry in the utopian-debate literature of the 1890s; little else is recorded of his life.